Intrapulmonary
Abscess, Neoplasm

Hydropneumothorax
Trauma
Surgery
Broncho-pleural Fistula

Oesophageal
Pharyngeal pouch, diverticula
Obstruction: Tumours, Achalasia.
Oesophagectomy: Bowel interposition.

Mediastinal
Infections
Oesophageal perforations

Pneumopericardium
Trauma
Surgery
Iatrogenic

Chest wall
Plombage with lucite balls
Infections.

Diaphragm
Hernias.
Eventration
Rupture.

Contributed by – Dr. Varun Tyagi, Mumbai